Electronic Era
The Start of the Modern Electronics Era Bardeen, Shockley, and Brattain at Bell Labs - Brattain and Bardeen invented the bipolar transistor in 1947. Fig(1) The first germanium bipolar transistor. Roughly 50 years later, electronics account for 10% (4 trillion dollars) of the world GDP. Fig(2) Electronics Milestones 1874 Braun invents the solid-state rectifier. 1906 DeForest invents triode vacuum tube. 1907-1927 First radio circuits developed from diodes and triodes. 1925 Lilienfeld field-effect device patent filed. 1947 Bardeen and Brattain at Bell Laboratories invent bipolar transistors. 1952 Commercial bipolar transistor production at Texas Instruments. 1956 Bardeen, Brattain, and Shockley receive Nobel prize. 1958 Integrated circuit developed by Kilby and Noyce 1961 First commercial IC from Fairchild Semiconductor 1963 IEEE formed from merger or IRE and AIEE 1968 First commercial IC opamp 1970 One transist...